Determining the Relationship Between a Series of Events
Text Version

(Visual description: the screen shows the title “Determining the Relationship Between a Series of Events” and a monochrome image of an 18th century town below the title.)

Narrator: As you can see in the passage, there are several cause-and-effect words at the end of the passage: “caused”; “resulted in”; “created”; “Because”. This should indicate to you that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between events.

(Visual description: the screen displays the following passage: “The 18th century can be categorized as a “revolutionary time.” Political revolutions had brought new governments to the United States, France and parts of Latin America. At the same time, a different type of revolution took place in Great Britain. The first type of revolution to take place was in agriculture. Wealthy landowners began buying up much of the land that village farmers once worked. They enclosed their land with fences or hedges. With larger land holdings, they could cultivate more land. The large landowners also experimented with new agricultural methods such as the seed drill and crop rotation. These new farming methods caused large increases in agricultural production. Increased food supplies due to the agricultural revolution and better living conditions resulted in population growth. This increased population created a demand for more food and goods, such as cloth. Because of the enclosure movement, many farmers had lost their land and moved to the cities to become factory workers.” The words “caused”, “resulted in”, “created” and “Because” are highlighted in yellow.)

Narrator: In this case, the large increases in food supplies and better living conditions resulted in an increase in population, and this increase in population increased the demand for more food and goods.

(Visual description: the first part of the passage disappears, leaving on the screen the second part: “This increased population created a demand for more food and goods, such as cloth. Because of the enclosure movement, many farmers had lost their land and moved to the cities to become factory workers.” The image of the 18th century town reappears on top of the passage. Then, the following phrases are underlined: “Increased food supplies”, “better living condition resulted in population growth”, and “increased population created a demand for more food and good”.)

Narrator: The enclosure movement caused farmers to lose their land and move to the cities to become factory workers.

(Visual description: the image of the town is replaced with a monochrome image of men and women farming. Then, the following phrases are underlined: “the enclosure movement”, “many farmers”, “lost their land and moved to the cities to become factory workers”. The image of farming is then replaced by a monochrome image of a textile factory.)

Narrator: You will notice that there are two sequence signal words, "first" and "began." However, it is clear as you read the passage that it is describing a process or a series of events that were part of the agricultural revolution.

(Visual description: the entire passage reappears on the screen: “The 18th century can be categorized as a “revolutionary time.” Political revolutions had brought new governments to the United States, France and parts of Latin America. At the same time, a different type of revolution took place in Great Britain. The first type of revolution to take place was in agriculture. Wealthy landowners began buying up much of the land that village farmers once worked. They enclosed their land with fences or hedges. With larger land holdings, they could cultivate more land. The large landowners also experimented with new agricultural methods such as the seed drill and crop rotation. These new farming methods caused large increases in agricultural production. Increased food supplies due to the agricultural revolution and better living conditions resulted in population growth. This increased population created a demand for more food and goods, such as cloth. Because of the enclosure movement, many farmers had lost their land and moved to the cities to become factory workers.” The words “first”, and “began” are highlighted in yellow.)